The Problem with Heaven
There have been various responses to the announcement by Iain Banks that
he is suffering from incurable cancer of the gall bladder. One of the
pieces written already, almost as a premature obituary, has reflected on
the image of the future that Banks has created in his Culture series of
science fiction stories.
John Butterworth writing in the Guardian said;
'In his Culture novels, Banks has created what as far as I know is the only convincing utopia in print.
Dystopias
are relatively common in fiction. You take a bad trend, give it more
technology, and extrapolate. They can be terrifying and salutary, and
powerful writing about them may help avoid their realisation. But
describing utopia seems to be harder. You have to deal with, and
incorporate, the flaws. And what is a person, when there are no
struggles? What is life for, when everyone already has everything they
want?
Religions have the same problem as Sci-Fi here, I think. Hell,
with fire, demons, liver-tearing-birds or whatever, can be quite a
convincing threat. But heaven lacks conviction.
Banks writes of a human race which knows itself, in which human beings have practically complete control over their own lives.'
There
is an unintentional observation here that Christians need to consider
very seriously. We have been very good and creative in drawing pictures
of the hell that we need to avoid, complete with flesh tearing demons
and never ending fire, but the picture of heaven we create is anaemic at
best. We have allowed images of angels sitting on clouds to dominate
the popular mind partly because our focus has been on salvation as
'being saved from', interpreted as avoiding the unpleasant scenarios,
but we have failed to really work with Jesus' own statement that he had
come in order to bring life in all its fulness and so consider where
salvation, 'being saved in order to', takes us. True, there has been
much done to identify the qualities of Life in all its Fulness but we
have fought shy of attempting to draw a picture of what that life might
look like. There are no works that I am aware of that attempt to create
a picture of a Christian Utopian future, the images of Banks and others
are entirely secular. Immortality is achieved through technology and
any sense of life transformed is similarly the product of
bio-technological advances.
The question for Christianity is whether
there really are no permissible images that would enhance the Christian
image of heaven? We have, after all, taken huge liberties of conjecture
in painting pictures of hell!
Is it unreasonable, for example, that
we might envisage a future in which we, both individually and as a race,
are engaged in some way as mentors to other species on other worlds and
that we are actively engaged in the development of the Universe albeit
in ways we cannot yet imagine? There are enough comments in the Bible to
suggest that being given responsibility and being drawn into the
ongoing creative work of God is much more the character of our future
than simply surviving into some kind of static state of bliss.
Another
trap we fall into is to speak all too willingly of 'life after death';
but surely that is to deny the message of the resurrection of Jesus
which speaks instead of the defeat of death and gives us clues as to the
nature of life that has been transformed, taken on into dimensions of
existence that are currently beyond us.
The image contained in the
21st chapter of the book of Revelation, of the New Jerusalem into which
the Kings of the Earth bring their splendour and in which God and
humanity lives together is also a potent and positive image of how
things will be. Again, it is a dynamic image very different to the pale
and static image of simple survival.
Maybe we need some creative and
powerful Christian fiction that is unafraid to speculate and of course
to be wrong in the detail but confident in its underlying theology of
God's plan for partnership with humanity and prepared to state that the
future in partnership with God is dynamic and exciting.